AI Model Comparison
Not all AI assistants are created equal. Each has different training data, capabilities, and ways of retrieving information. Understanding these differences is crucial for targeting your AI optimisation efforts.
In this guide
- Compare training cutoffs across models
- Understand which models use web search
- Learn each model's unique characteristics
- Prioritise your optimisation efforts
Quick Comparison Table
| Model | Provider | Cutoff | Web Search | Context | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPT-4.1 / GPT-4o | OpenAI | Jun 2024 | Yes | 128K–1M | General, most popular |
| Claude 4 Sonnet/Opus | Anthropic | Mar 2025 | Yes | 200K | Long content, coding |
| Gemini 2.5 Pro | Jan 2025 | Yes | 1M+ | Google ecosystem, AI Overviews | |
| Perplexity Sonar | Perplexity | Real-time | Always | 127K | Research, citations |
| Microsoft Copilot | Microsoft | Varies | Yes (Bing) | 128K | MS Office, enterprise |
| Le Chat (Mistral) | Mistral AI | ~2025 | Yes | 256K | European, multilingual |
| DeepSeek | DeepSeek | Dec 2024 | Yes | 64K | Reasoning, cost-effective |
| Meta AI | Meta | Aug 2024 | Yes (Bing) | 128K | Social platforms, open source |
Interactive Model Comparison Tool
Filter and sort models by feature, compare side-by-side, and see which models are most important for your industry.
Coming SoonUnderstanding the Differences
Training Cutoffs: Why They Matter
A model's training cutoff determines what it "knows" without web search. If your company was founded in 2024, models with 2023 cutoffs won't know about you natively. They'll need to search the web to find your information.
Cutoff Timeline (Latest Models)
GPT-4.1 / GPT-4o
Meta AI (Llama 4)
DeepSeek-V3
Gemini 2.5 Pro
Claude 4 Sonnet/Opus
Web Search: SEO Still Matters
Models with web search capabilities (ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, Copilot) retrieve current information at query time. For these models, your traditional SEO efforts directly impact AI visibility:
- Pages that rank well in Google are more likely to be retrieved by Gemini and Perplexity
- Bing rankings influence Microsoft Copilot responses
- ChatGPT with browsing pulls from top search results
Key Takeaway
All major models now have web search.
As of 2025, every major AI assistant can search the web. This means your SEO efforts have compounding value. Good rankings help you across ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity, and more. But training data still matters for authority and when models choose not to search.
Context Windows: How Much Can AI "See"
Context window size determines how much text an AI can process at once. This matters for:
Long documents: Models with larger context (Claude, Gemini) can analyze entire reports or multiple pages of your content at once.
Retrieval quality: More context means the AI can pull in more search results and synthesize them better.
Model Profiles
Dive deeper into each model's unique characteristics and how to optimise for them:
ChatGPT / GPT-4
The most popular AI assistant. Understand its web browsing, training data, and optimisation strategies.
Claude
Web search since 2025, largest context window. Strong reasoning capabilities.
Gemini
Deep Google integration. SEO strategy directly impacts Gemini responses.
Perplexity
Search-first AI with citations. The most SEO-influenced assistant.
Microsoft Copilot
Bing-powered with enterprise focus. Important for B2B visibility.
Le Chat (Mistral)
European AI leader with multilingual focus. Growing enterprise adoption.
DeepSeek
Reasoning-focused with cost efficiency. Popular in Asia and tech communities.
Meta AI
Integrated across Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp. Massive social reach.
Where Users Encounter AI
Understanding where your audience uses AI helps you prioritise. Different contexts mean different AI assistants:
At work, enterprise employees increasingly encounter Microsoft Copilot embedded directly in Word, Excel, Teams, and Outlook. For many, this is the only AI they can use since IT controls access. B2B brands need to understand that visibility in Copilot directly impacts buying decisions happening inside these tools.
At home, consumers turn to ChatGPT for product research, recommendations, and planning purchases. Meta AI reaches them directly in WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook for quick questions. These are where "what's the best..." conversations happen.
In Google Search, Gemini AI Overviews appear for millions of searches daily. Many users don't even realise they're reading AI-generated summaries. Your SEO directly determines whether you appear in these.
For research and analysis, Perplexity has become the go-to for research with citations, while Claude handles deep analysis of long documents. Content publishers benefit from citation-based visibility that drives actual traffic.
In software development, Claude and ChatGPT are constant companions for coding assistance. Developers ask about libraries, APIs, and tools throughout their workday. Documentation quality and presence in dev forums matter enormously.
Regional contexts also matter: Le Chat is gaining traction in European enterprise settings, while DeepSeek is popular in Asia and tech communities. International brands should consider regional AI preferences.
Prioritising Your Efforts
You can't do everything at once. Here are the highest-impact activities for AI visibility, ranked by importance:
Traditional SEO
This is the foundation. Every AI with web search (which is now all of them) pulls from search results. Strong rankings in Google and Bing translate directly to AI visibility across ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, Copilot, Claude, and more.
Reviews & Third-Party Validation
AI models trust third-party sources. Build presence on platforms relevant to your business:
Authoritative Content & PR
Get mentioned in sources that feed AI training data: industry publications, news coverage, Wikipedia (where appropriate), and respected blogs in your space. This builds long-term authority that persists in model training.
Structured Data & Technical SEO
Schema markup helps AI systems understand your content. FAQ schema, product schema, and organisation schema make your information more likely to be correctly parsed and cited.
Platform-Specific Presence
Maintain updated profiles on platforms that feed specific AIs: Bing Places for Copilot and Meta AI, YouTube for Gemini, GitHub for developer-focused queries. These become direct sources for AI responses.
Content Freshness
AI web search favours recent content. Regularly update key pages with current information, dates, and statistics. A page updated last week ranks better than one from 2022.
Key Takeaway
The good news: AI visibility builds on SEO fundamentals.
If you're already investing in SEO, reviews, and authoritative content, you're already optimising for AI. The shift is about understanding how these efforts compound across multiple AI touchpoints, not starting from scratch.